Cotyle comprising a sterile interface

ABSTRACT

A cotyle including a metallic insertion acetabular shell having an outer, essentially hemispherical, convex anchoring face formed in such a way as to be anchored in a cotyloid cavity of the pelvis of a patient, and a concave receiving face. The cotyle also includes a fixed definitive articular ceramic insert having an outer face engaging in the concave receiving face of the metallic insertion acetabular shell, and an inner receiving face including a concave, essentially hemispherical, articular surface for allowing the engagement and pivoting of a femoral prosthesis head or a mobile articular insert. The cotyle is packed in its assembled sterile state, with the definitive fixed articular ceramic insert engaged in the metallic insertion acetabular shell having a peripheral receiving structure that can receive means for fixing an impacter for positioning a cotyle and is designed in such a way that the impacter can be fixed to the cotyle in the presence of the definitive fixed articular ceramic insert.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a prosthetic cotyle intended to replacethe natural cotyle of the hip.

A total hip prosthesis comprises two parts constituting a ball joint,namely a female part intended to replace the natural cotyle of the hipand a male part intended to replace the head of the femur.

The male part of the joint generally includes a rod, intended topenetrate into the medullary canal of the femur, and the proximal end ofwhich is connected by a neck to a spherical head intended to penetrateinto the cotyle.

The female part of the joint, which must replace the natural cotyle ofthe hip, and that is referred to overall as the cotyle, usuallycomprises a hemispherical insertion shell, which is accommodated in aprepared cotyle cavity in the bone of the pelvis, and in which isaccommodated a final joint insert. The insertion shell is routinely ofmetal.

The joint insert is made of a material with a low coefficient offriction such as polyethylene or a ceramic.

In single-motion cotyles, the polyethylene or ceramic insert is fixedinto the insertion shell and includes a coaxial and substantiallyhemispherical joint cavity in which it engages and pivots the sphericalhead of the male part of the joint. Rotational movements of the jointthen occur between the spherical head of the male prosthesis part andthe joint cavity of the insert.

When placing the insertion shell in the cotyle cavity, it must bepossible to use an impacter to hold and manipulate the insertion shelland to apply to it a force for driving it into the cotyle cavity of thebone with a good orientation, for a period sufficient in particular fora cement to set between the external surface of the insertion shell andthe cotyle cavity of the bone.

In single-motion cotyles, the impacter generally includes a threaded endsection that is fixed into a threaded hole provided at the center of theinsertion shell.

The main problem when using a hip prosthesis is the risk of luxation,i.e. escape of the spherical femoral head from the joint cavity.

To reduce the risks of luxation, double-motion cotyle structures havebeen proposed in which the insertion shell is of metal and receives apolyethylene joint insert that is itself rotatably mounted in theinsertion shell. A drawback of this structure is the occurrence ofprogressive wear of the joint insert, which causes instability of thejoint and a risk of luxation after a few years of use.

Another effective means for preventing luxation is to use, in asingle-motion cotyle, a spherical prosthetic femoral head of largediameter. For the spherical femoral head to escape from the jointcavity, the femoral head must come out a distance substantially equal tothe radius of the femoral head. Accordingly, the greater the diameter ofthe prosthetic femoral head, the greater the force necessary forluxation of the prosthesis to occur.

The cotyle cavity of a patient has fixed dimensions, however, which canonly be modified with great difficulty (or not at all). The necessarythickness of the fixed joint insert then determines the possiblediameter of the prosthetic femoral head. Using a thin fixed joint insertto enable the diameter of the prosthetic femoral head to be increasedhas therefore been envisaged. To reduce further the thickness of thefixed joint insert to the benefit of the diameter of the femoral head,at the same time as reducing the risks of wear, inserts with a metalinsertion shell and ceramic inserts have been envisaged, ceramic havingboth good low friction properties and greater mechanical strength thanpolyethylene. The greater mechanical strength of ceramic enables it towithstand the mechanical stresses in the joint even though it is thin.With modern ceramics, fixed joint inserts can be used approximately 4 mmthick or less. One such ceramic insert cotyle is described in thedocument EP 1 290 992 A1.

To increase further the diameter of the prosthetic femoral head, theabove document teaches reducing the thickness of the insertion shellwith the same thickness of the ceramic fixed insert. Thus the metalshell has a thickness between 0.1 and 2 mm and the ceramic insert has athickness less than 4 mm.

However, a great increase in the risks of rupture of the ceramic insertis then observed, either during the impaction of the cotyle to place it,or even during subsequent use of the prosthesis.

According to the present invention, it is considered that such rupturesare caused by an uneven distribution of the mechanical forces on theceramic insert, noting that the document EP 1 290 992 A1 does not referto these problems and describes no means for correct impaction of thecotyle.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The problem addressed by the present invention is reducing the risk ofluxation of a hip prosthesis at the same time as reducing the risks ofrupture of the ceramic insert as much during its impaction into thecotyle cavity of the pelvis of a patient as during subsequent use of theprosthesis.

To achieve the above and other objects, the invention proposes a cotylecomprising:

-   -   a metal insertion shell, having a substantially hemispherical        convex exterior anchor face conformed to be anchored in a cotyle        cavity in the pelvis of a patient, and having a concave        receiving face with an annular edge,    -   a ceramic fixed final joint insert, having an exterior face        engaged in the concave receiving face of the insertion shell,        and having an interior receiving face including a substantially        hemispherical concave joint surface to enable the engagement and        the pivoting of a femoral prosthesis head or of a mobile joint        insert,    -   the ceramic fixed final joint insert having a thickness less        than or equal to approximately 4 mm,    -   the insertion shell comprising an annular receiving structure        projecting beyond the receiving face of the fixed final joint        insert inserted in the insertion shell and including an annular        receiving face conformed so that an impacter can be fixed to        said annular receiving face in the presence of the ceramic fixed        final joint insert,    -   the insertion shell having, in the vicinity of its annular edge,        a thickness less than or equal to approximately 4 mm and greater        than 2 mm.

Thanks to the small thickness of the insertion shell and the jointinsert, a maximum dimension can be given to the femoral head and to theconcave joint surface to reduce effectively the risks of luxation of thejoint during subsequent use. At the same time, despite these smallthicknesses, the annular receiving structure not only provides effectiveretention of the cotyle during its impaction by an impacter but alsoeffective cooperation between the insertion shell and the joint insertwhen assembled prior to impaction. This cooperation reduces the risks ofdeformation of the insertion shell during impaction because the ceramicjoint insert remains in contact with the insertion shell and absorbssome of the forces. This cooperation also reduces the risks of ruptureof the joint insert during impaction, the impaction forces being appliedto the insertion shell, which thereafter transmits them in a distributedmanner over the ceramic joint insert. After impaction, this cooperationalso reduces the risks of subsequent rupture of the joint insert,because the mechanical forces are transmitted in a regular anddistributed manner between the joint insert and the insertion shellwhich has not been deformed.

During placement, the insertion shell remains attached to the fixedfinal joint insert. The interface between these two parts thereforeremains inaccessible and sterile, with no risk of contamination duringthe operation.

Because the peripheral receiving structure projects beyond the receivingface of the fixed final joint insert inserted into the insertion shell,and thanks to the sufficient thickness of the insertion shell in thevicinity of its annular edge, i.e. in the area constituting theperipheral receiving structure, reliable fixing of the impacter to theinsertion shell is possible, despite the presence of the fixed finaljoint insert preventing access to any threaded hole provided at thecenter of the insertion shell.

Moreover, in the extreme positions of use of the prosthesis, theprosthetic neck carrying the prosthetic femoral head comes to bearagainst the projecting peripheral receiving structure. Thus theprosthetic neck does not abut against the fixed final ceramic insert andthere is therefore no risk of it being damaged by the application of alocalized point load.

The annular receiving face preferably extends from and is continuouswith the concave receiving face of the insertion shell and is thereforean annular portion of the interior face of the insertion shell. Such aperipheral receiving structure is compact and easy to produce usingordinary production means. This peripheral receiving structure is alsoin one piece with the insertion shell and is therefore reliable toenable the surgeon to apply the necessary forces for good fixing andgood orientation of the prosthesis.

The cotyle can advantageously be associated with a placement andorientation insert, removably fixed to the peripheral receivingstructure of the insertion shell, and including an assembly structure towhich the impacter can be removably fixed. This kind of insert, fixed tothe periphery of the insertion shell, achieves a good distribution overthe shell of the forces applied by the surgeon to fix and orient theprosthesis.

According to another advantageous aspect of the invention, the cotyle ispackaged assembled in the sterile state, with the ceramic fixed finaljoint insert engaged in the insertion shell and with the placement andorientation insert fixed to the insertion shell.

One benefit of such a combination is that the placement and orientationinsert retains the ceramic joint insert in the insertion shell duringtransportation and manipulation. It is thus possible to provide a jointinsert that is simply engaged in the insertion shell, and which can thenbe extracted therefrom if the surgeon requires, without there being anyrisk of accidental extraction before the placement of the cotyle. Thiscombination can be used independently of the thickness characteristicsof the joint insert and the insertion shell.

To strengthen further the joint insert, the placement and orientationinsert fixed to the annular receiving face of the insertion shell canbear on or be at a small distance from the interior receiving face ofthe ceramic fixed final joint insert.

Alternatively or in addition to this, the placement and orientationinsert, fixed to the annular receiving face, can include one or moreprojecting elastic ribs adapted to come to bear on the ceramic fixedfinal joint insert to retain it in the insertion shell.

The placement and orientation insert can be of polyethylene, a low-costmaterial that can easily be sterilized and can be used in the surgicalenvironment.

The assembly structure can preferably comprise a threaded fixing holeformed in the placement and orientation insert, enabling the screwing inof a corresponding threaded portion of the impacter. This produces asimple, reliable and inexpensive assembly structure allowing the use ofknown and available impacters.

According to a first advantageous embodiment of the invention:

-   -   the peripheral receiving structure can include a continuous or        discontinuous annular groove,    -   the placement and orientation insert can include a continuous or        discontinuous annular rib elastically engaged in the annular        groove.

According to a second advantageous embodiment of the invention:

-   -   the peripheral receiving structure can include an internal or        external thread,    -   the placement and orientation insert can include an external or        internal thread, cooperating with the thread of the peripheral        receiving structure to fix the placement and orientation insert        removably by screwing it to the peripheral receiving structure.

The various peripheral receiving structures and the placement andorientation insert are therefore easy and inexpensive to produce andprovide sufficient strength for the surgeon to be able to apply thenecessary forces for good fixing and good orientation of the prosthesis.

In the first embodiment of the invention, the threaded fixing hole canadvantageously be an open hole, adapted to cooperate with a detachmenttool including a threaded rod adapted to be screwed into the fixing holeand that has a distal end conformed to bear against the concave jointsurface of the fixed final joint insert during screwing of the threadedrod into the fixing hole of the placement and orientation insert.

Alternatively, in the first embodiment of the invention, it canadvantageously be provided that:

-   -   the placement and orientation insert can be conformed so that        there remains a free space between the placement and orientation        insert and the bottom of the concave joint surface of the fixed        final joint insert once the placement and orientation insert is        fixed to the peripheral receiving structure of the insertion        shell,    -   the placement and orientation insert can be in sealed contact at        its periphery in the short annular extension of the insertion        shell,    -   the fixing hole can be an open hole, providing communication        between the exterior and the free space between the placement        and orientation insert and the fixed final joint insert, and        sized to engage therein in a sealed manner the end of a syringe.

Another aspect of the invention proposes a method of producing aprosthetic hip cotyle, comprising the steps of:

a) providing a metal insertion shell having a concave receiving face anda projecting annular receiving structure,

b) providing a ceramic joint insert having an exterior face and aconcave joint surface,

c) engaging the exterior face of the joint insert in the concavereceiving face of the insertion shell,

d) sterilizing the combination thus formed in a microbial protectionenvelope.

The benefit is both to make the prosthesis more sterile, notably at theinterface between the joint insert and the insertion shell, at the sametime as enabling the use of a joint insert simply engaged removably inthe insertion shell.

Sterilization can be effected after assembly of the joint insert and theinsertion shell, by bombardment with gamma rays. This kind ofsterilization process is compatible with the materials used, namely themetal of the insertion shell and the ceramic of the joint insert.

The method can advantageously further comprise, before sterilization,the additional step c1) of fixing to the insertion shell a placement andorientation insert.

This method, with or without the step of fixing the placement andorientation insert, can be used independently of the presence or absenceof the particular thickness characteristics of the joint insert and theinsertion shell.

Another aspect of the invention further proposes such a method includingthe subsequent steps of:

e) opening the sealed envelope in the operating room,

f) fixing an impacter to the cotyle,

g) engaging the cotyle in the cotyle cavity in the bone and impactingthe cotyle to fix it to the bone.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention willemerge from the following description of particular embodiments, givenwith reference to the appended figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a cotyle of the invention with a placementand orientation insert;

FIG. 2 is a side view of an insertion shell;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the elements from FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the elements from FIG. 1 after assembly;

FIG. 5 is a part-sectional view of a cotyle of the invention fixed to animpacter;

FIG. 6 is a view of a detail from FIG. 5;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are sectional views illustrating a first way of detachingthe placement and orientation insert;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view illustrating a second way of detaching theplacement and orientation insert; and

FIG. 10 shows a cotyle the placement and orientation insert whereoffurther comprises elastic ribs for retaining the joint insert.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 there is represented a single-motion ordouble-motion cotyle. The latter comprises:

-   -   an insertion shell 1, having a substantially hemispherical        convex exterior anchoring face 2 conformed to be anchored in a        cotyle cavity in the pelvis of a patient, and having a concave        receiving face 3,    -   a ceramic fixed final joint insert 4, having an exterior face 5        that engages in the concave receiving face 3 of the insertion        shell 1, and having an interior receiving face 6 including a        substantially hemispherical concave joint surface 7 to enable        engagement and pivoting of a femoral prosthesis head or a mobile        joint insert (not represented).

The final joint insert 4 is called the fixed final joint insert becauseit is fixed relative to the insertion shell 1.

In FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the insertion shell 1 includes anchoring fins 27intended to penetrate into the bone of the cotyle cavity of the patientto assure good anchoring of the insertion shell 1.

FIGS. 1 and 3 are exploded views respectively in perspective and insection, and FIG. 4 is a view in section of the elements from FIGS. 1and 3 when assembled together.

In the FIG. 4 configuration, the cotyle is packaged in the sterile stateassembled to the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 engaged in theinsertion shell 1. The insertion shell 1 comprises a peripheralreceiving structure 8 adapted to receive means for fixing a cotyleplacement impacter and shaped so that the impacter can be fixed to thecotyle with the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 engaged in theinsertion shell 1.

The ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 has a small thickness E′ toenable the use of a prosthetic femoral head of large diameter.

To characterize the thickness of a joint insert, its mean thickness indifferent directions perpendicular to its concave joint surface isgenerally considered. When a joint insert has a flat bottom, as in thefixed final joint insert 4 of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the thickness of thatbottom is generally not taken into account to determine its meanthickness.

The thickness of the fixed final joint insert 4 is thereforesubstantially equal to the thickness E′ represented in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6to 8.

To reduce the risk of luxation effectively, a small thickness E′ ischosen to increase the diameter of the prosthetic femoral head (notrepresented) intended to be inserted into the concave joint surface 7 ofthe fixed final joint insert 4 (in the case of a single-motion cotyle ofthe type described in the document EP 1 290 992 A1) or to enable the useof a mobile joint insert (not represented) intended to receive theprosthetic femoral head (as in the case of a double-motion cotyle of thetype described in the document WO 2004/069091).

The thickness E′ is chosen so that the fixed final joint insert 4 canwithstand the stresses produced during normal use of the hip prosthesisby a patient without premature wear or deterioration.

By a small thickness E′ is meant a thickness E′ less than or equal toapproximately 4 mm, preferably less than or equal to 3.5 mm. A ceramicsuch as that described in the document EP 1 188 729 can be used for thispurpose, among others.

To characterize the thickness of an insertion shell, its thickness inthe vicinity of the upper edge of its concave receiving face isgenerally considered. The thickness of the insertion shell 1 istherefore substantially equal to the thickness E represented in FIGS. 3and 6 to 9. This thickness E is the mean thickness of the insertionshell 1 in the vicinity of the annular edge 9 of the concave receivingface 3 of the insertion shell 1.

To reduce further and effectively the risk of luxation for asingle-motion or double-motion cotyle, a small thickness E is chosen. Bya small thickness E is meant a thickness E less than or equal toapproximately 4 mm, preferably less than or equal to 3 mm, but greaterthan 2 mm to guarantee sufficient mechanical strength.

It is seen more particularly in FIGS. 4 and 8 that the insertion shell 1includes a peripheral receiving structure 8 that projects beyond thereceiving face 6 of the fixed final joint insert 4 inserted into theinsertion shell 1.

The peripheral receiving structure 8 constitutes a short annularextension of the wall of the insertion shell 1, with, in thisembodiment, an interior annular receiving face 10 (shown in dashed linein FIGS. 4 and 8) extending from and continuous with the concavereceiving face 3 of the insertion shell 1.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 9, to enable the fixing of an impacter,a placement and orientation insert 11 is provided, removably fixed tothe peripheral receiving structure 8 of the insertion shell 1. Theplacement and orientation insert 11 can thus be fastened to theinsertion shell 1 in the presence of the ceramic fixed final jointinsert 4 engaged in the insertion shell 1 (FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9), andcan be separated from the insertion shell 1 (as shown better in FIG. 8)after impaction of the cotyle into the cotyle cavity of the patient.

The placement and orientation insert 11 includes an assembly structure12 to which an impacter can be removably fixed. The placement andorientation insert 11, once fixed to the periphery to the insertionshell 1, distributes over the insertion shell 1 the forces applied bythe surgeon to fix and orient the prosthesis by means of an impacter.

In the embodiment represented in FIGS. 1 to 9, the assembly structure 12includes a threaded fixing hole 13 produced in the placement andorientation insert 11. This threaded fixing hole 13 has a threadedportion 14 of the impacter 15 screwed into it (FIGS. 5 and 6).Accordingly, to detach the impacter 15 from the placement andorientation insert 11, it suffices to unscrew the threaded portion 14 ofthe impacter 15 from the threaded fixing hole 13.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the peripheral receivingstructure 8 includes an annular groove 16 in which is engaged an annularrib 17 provided on the placement and orientation insert 11. The annularrib 17 is elastically engaged in the annular groove 16 when assemblingthe insertion shell 1, the fixed final joint insert 4 and the placementand orientation insert 11, which assembly process is showndiagrammatically in FIG. 3 by the arrows 30 and 31.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the annular groove 16 and theannular rib 17 are continuous. The continuous character of the annulargroove 16 and the annular rib 17 enables homogeneous and maximumretention of the placement and orientation insert 11 in the insertionshell 1 around its entire periphery.

However, other forms of annular rib 17 and annular groove 16 can beenvisaged. For example, the annular groove 16 and the annular rib 17 canbe discontinuous.

Similarly, the respective dispositions of the annular groove 16 and theannular rib 17 on the placement and orientation insert 11 or theinsertion shell 1 can be different from those represented in FIGS. 1 to9.

In FIGS. 1 to 9, the annular groove 16 is provided on the annularinterior receiving face 10 of the peripheral receiving structure 8 ofthe insertion shell 1 while the annular rib 17 of the placement andorientation insert 11 is an exterior annular rib 17, elastically engagedin the annular groove 16. The placement and orientation insert 11 doesnot project laterally beyond the periphery of the insertion shell 1.There is therefore no risk of conflict, during impaction and orientationof the cotyle, between the placement and orientation insert 11 and thebony material of the pelvis of the patient at the periphery of theircotyle cavity.

In another embodiment of the invention not shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, theperipheral receiving structure 8 and the placement and orientationinsert 11 include threads that cooperate with each other to fix theplacement and orientation insert 11 removably by screwing it onto theperipheral receiving structure 8. The thread of the peripheral receivingstructure 8 is an internal thread when the thread of the placement andorientation insert 11 is an external thread, and the thread of theperipheral receiving structure 8 is external when the thread of theplacement and orientation insert 11 is an internal thread.

At the time of use, the cotyle is packaged assembled in the sterilestate, with the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 engaged in itsinsertion shell 1 (FIG. 4). To place the insertion shell 1 in the cotylecavity, the surgeon uses an impacter 15 with a threaded end section 14that is fixed into the threaded fixing hole 13 produced in the placementand orientation insert 11 (FIGS. 5 and 6).

The impacter 15 includes a flange 26 bearing against the upper face 28of the placement and orientation insert 11. The flange 26 distributesthe impaction and orientation forces on the placement and orientationinsert 11.

The surgeon uses the impacter 15 to apply a force for driving theinsertion shell 1 into the cotyle cavity of the bone, to apply rotationtorques to adjust the orientation of the insertion shell 1, and to holdthe insertion shell 1 in a fixed position for a period sufficient inparticular for a cement between the external surface of the insertionshell 1 and the cotyle cavity in the bone to set.

During these operations, the insertion shell 1 is subjected to highforces which, because of the small thickness E (FIG. 6), could deformthe insertion shell 1 alone in contact with the bone of the pelvis ofthe patient. This deformation of the insertion shell 1 during impactionof the insertion shell 1 is prevented by the presence of the fixed finaljoint insert 4 engaged in the insertion shell 1.

Accordingly, if the bone of the pelvis of the patient tends to deformthe insertion shell 1 because of its small thickness E, the ceramicfixed final joint insert 4 is sufficiently rigid and strong to counterany deformation. The ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 stiffens theinsertion shell 1.

The insertion shell 1, the fixed final joint insert 4 and the placementand orientation insert 11 can advantageously be packaged together in thesterile state. The surgeon can then impact the insertion shell 1 withits fixed final joint insert 4 in a single operation. This saves thesurgeon precious operating time, which helps to reduce the risks of theoperation linked to possible infection.

Once the insertion shell 1 fitted with its fixed final joint insert 4has been impacted, the surgeon removes the placement and orientationinsert 11 from the peripheral receiving structure 8 of the insertionshell 1 and lodges the chosen prosthetic femoral head in the concavejoint surface 7 of the fixed final joint insert 4.

The step of detaching the placement and orientation insert 11 from theinsertion shell 1 is more particularly represented in FIGS. 7 to 9.

A first way of detaching the placement and orientation insert 11 isshown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

In those FIGS. 7 and 8, the open threaded fixing hole 13 enablesengagement of a detachment tool 18 including a threaded rod 19 adaptedto be screwed into the fixing hole 13. The detachment tool 18 has adistal end 20 conformed to bear against the concave joint surface 7 ofthe fixed final joint insert 4 when screwing the threaded rod 19 intothe fixing hole 13 of the placement and orientation insert 11.

Screwing the threaded rod 19 into the fixing hole 13 (by turning it oneway or the other depending on the configuration of the threads used)moves the placement and orientation insert 11 away from the insertionshell 1 in the axial direction I-I until it is completely detached (FIG.8) when the annular rib 17 of the placement and orientation insert 11has escaped elastically from the annular groove 16.

The distal end 20 of the detachment tool 18 is adapted to bear againstthe concave joint surface 7 of the fixed final joint insert 4 withoutdamaging the latter.

A second way of detaching the placement and orientation insert 11 isshown in FIG. 9.

In this FIG. 9, the placement and orientation insert 11 is conformed sothat there remains a free space S between the placement and orientationinsert 11 and the bottom of the concave joint surface 7 of the fixedfinal joint insert 4 once the placement and orientation insert 11 hasbeen fixed to the peripheral receiving structure 8 of the insertionshell 1. The placement and orientation insert 11 is in sealed contactalong its periphery in the short annular extension 9 of the insertionshell 1.

The open character of the fixing hole 13 provides communication betweenthe exterior and the free space S formed between the placement andorientation insert 11 and the fixed final joint insert 4.

The fixing hole 13 is sized to enable the engagement of the end of apressurized fluid feed pipe 21.

The pipe 21 feeds a fluid from the exterior into the free space S asshown by the arrow 22. The fluid then fills the free space S and thefluid pressure in the pipe 21 and in the free space S produces a thrustalong the axis I-I on the placement and orientation insert 11 in thedirection defined by the arrow 32. With sufficient fluid pressure and asufficient area of the placement and orientation insert 11 to which thatpressure can be applied, the placement and orientation insert 11 isquickly and easily withdrawn from the insertion shell 1 by causing theannular rib 17 to escape from the annular groove 16.

In practice, good results have been obtained using a syringe. The fluidfeed pipe 21 can then be the end of a syringe. Using a syringe provesparticularly beneficial in the medical context. This is a routinemedical object that can be sterilized and is easily usable in anoperating room. Alternatively, the fluid feed pipe 21 can be a tubularpart of the impacter itself.

The fluid used to detach the insertion shell 1 from the placement andorientation interface 11 can be water or physiological serum, fluidsthat can be used and are very widely used in operating rooms.

In practice, good results have been obtained using a polyethyleneplacement and orientation insert 11. Polyethylene is a material that canbe used in an operating room, easily sterilized and of low cost.

In FIG. 6, it is seen that the placement and orientation insert 11 isfixed to the peripheral receiving structure 8 of the insertion shell 1at a small distance e from the interior receiving face 6 of the ceramicfixed final joint insert 4. This distance e enables reliable and secureengagement of the annular rib 17 in the annular groove 16 around thewhole of its periphery. Furthermore, during impaction of the cotyle intothe cotyle cavity of the pelvis of a patient, the placement andorientation insert 11 will be deformed very slightly by the axialimpaction forces along the axis I-I to come to an ever shorter distancefrom or to bear on the interior receiving face 6 of the ceramic fixedfinal insert 4 or on its peripheral edge.

If the polyethylene placement and orientation insert 11 comes to bear onthe interior receiving face 6 of the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4or on its peripheral edge, the fixed final joint insert 4 transmits theforces that impact and orient the cotyle. The fixed final joint insert 4is further held pressed against the concave receiving face 3 of theinsertion shell 1, which guarantees that the fixed final joint insert 4contributes to the stiffness of the insertion shell 1 and prevents anydeformation of the latter.

If, during impaction of the cotyle, there remains a large distance ebetween the placement and orientation insert 11 and the interiorreceiving face 6 of the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 6 to 9, a conical fit 23 can be provided between the fixedfinal joint insert 4 and the insertion shell 1. It is then certain,despite the presence of the distance e and the shocks caused byimpaction, that the fixed final joint insert 4 contributes to thestiffness of the insertion shell 1 and prevents any deformation of thelatter in particular against deformations that can occur because ofradial forces, indicated by the arrows 24, induced by the bony materialof the pelvis of the patient.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the placement and orientation insert11 has a projecting elastic rib 11 a that comes to bear elasticallyagainst the ceramic joint insert 4 in order to hold it pressed into theinsertion shell 1. In the embodiment shown, the rib 11 a is in the formof an annular lip and comes to bear against the interior receiving face6. Alternatively, a rib can be provided that comes to bear on the frontperipheral edge of the ceramic joint insert 4, or a number of ribs orother elastic shapes can be provided that come to bear simultaneously onthe joint insert 4.

Clearly, in contrast to the single-motion cotyles generally known, thepresence of the ceramic fixed final joint insert 4 engaged in theinsertion shell 1 rules out the use of fixing screws for fixing theinsertion shell 1 in the cotyle cavity of the pelvis of the patientthrough holes through the insertion shell from its concave receivingface to its convex exterior anchor face 2.

In this case, it can be beneficial to provide, in the vicinity of theupper edge of the convex exterior anchor face 2 of the insertion shell1, an external fixing lug 25 shown in FIG. 2. This external fixing lug25 includes an opening 29 through which a screw (not shown) passes to beanchored in the bone of the pelvis of the patient.

Although only a few ways of fixing the placement and orientation insert11 to the insertion shell 1 have been described explicitly, clearly anyother alternative fixing method is included within the field ofprotection on the invention. For example, the placement and orientationinsert 11 could be fixed to the peripheral receiving structure 8 of theinsertion shell 1 by forcible insertion of the placement and orientationinsert 11.

The insertion shell 1 can be of metal, titanium or a chromium and cobaltsteel alloy. The insertion shell 1 can equally be of PEEK(polyetheretherketone) or any other appropriate material. The externalconvex face 2 of the insertion shell 1 can advantageously be coveredwith a layer of HAP (hydroxyapatite).

In practice, good anti-luxation capabilities and good resistance todeformation during impaction have been achieved with a ceramic fixedfinal joint insert 4 of thickness E′ less than or equal to 3.5 mmengaged in a metal insertion shell 1 of thickness E less than or equalto 4 mm.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments that have beenexplicitly described, but includes variants and generalizations thereofcontained within the scope of the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. Ex-vivo cotyle assembly comprising: a metalinsertion shell (1), having a substantially hemispherical convexexterior anchor face (2) conformed to be anchored in a cotyle cavity inthe pelvis of a patient, and having a concave receiving face (3) with anannular edge (9), a ceramic fixed final joint insert (4), distinct from,and being manufactured separately from, the insertion shell (1), havingan exterior face (5) ex-vivo engaged in the concave receiving face (3)of the insertion shell (1), and having an interior receiving face (6)including a substantially hemispherical concave joint surface (7) toenable the engagement and the pivoting of a femoral prosthesis head orof a mobile joint insert, the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4)having a thickness (E′) less than or equal to approximately 4 mm,wherein: the insertion shell (1) has, in a vicinity of its annular edge(9), a thickness (E) less than or equal to approximately 4 mm andgreater than 2 mm, the insertion shell (1) comprises a peripheralreceiving structure (8) projecting beyond the receiving face (6) of thefixed final joint insert (4) inserted in the insertion shell (1) andincluding an annular receiving face (10), wherein the insertion shell(1) and the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) each have conicalsurfaces, wherein said conical surfaces bear upon each other when theinsert (4) is impacted against the insertion shell (1), and wherein aplacement and orientation insert (11), including an assembly structure(12) to which the impacter (15) can be removably fixed, is removablyfixed to the annular receiving face (10) of the insertion shell (1) inthe presence of the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4), in order toenable an impaction of the ex-vivo assembly into the pelvis of apatient, providing a simultaneous impaction of the metal insertion shell(1) and of the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) into the pelvis ofthe patient, and wherein the insertion shell (1), the ceramic fixedfinal joint insert (4) and the placement and orientation insert (11) areassembled and packaged in a microbial protection envelope in a sterilestate, with the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) engaged in theinsertion shell (1), and with the placement and orientation insert (11)fixed to the insertion shell (1).
 2. Cotyle assembly according to claim1, wherein the annular receiving face (10) extends from and iscontinuous with the concave receiving face (3) of the insertion shell(1).
 3. Cotyle assembly according to claim 1, wherein the placement andorientation insert (11) is made of polyethylene.
 4. Cotyle assemblyaccording to claim 1, wherein the assembly structure (12) comprises athreaded fixing hole (13) formed in the placement and orientation insert(11), enabling the screwing in of a corresponding threaded portion (14)of the impacter (15).
 5. Cotyle assembly according to claim 4, whereinthe threaded fixing hole (13) is an open hole.
 6. Cotyle assemblyaccording to claim 4, wherein: the placement and orientation insert (11)is conformed so that there remains a free space (S) between theplacement and orientation insert (11) and the bottom of the concavejoint surface (7) of the fixed final joint insert (4) once the placementand orientation insert (11) is fixed to the peripheral receivingstructure (8) of the insertion shell (1), the placement and orientationinsert (11) is in sealed contact at its periphery in the short annularextension (9) of the insertion shell (1), the fixing hole (13) is anopen hole, providing communication between the exterior and the freespace (S) between the placement and orientation insert (11) and thefixed final joint insert (4), and sized to engage therein in sealedmanner the end of a syringe.
 7. Cotyle assembly according to claim 1,wherein the placement and orientation insert (11) fixed to the annularreceiving face (10) of the insertion shell (1) bears on or is at a smalldistance (e) from the interior receiving face (6) of the ceramic fixedfinal joint insert (4).
 8. Cotyle assembly according to claim 1, whereinthe placement and orientation insert (11), fixed to the annularreceiving face (10), includes one or more projecting elastic ribs (11 a)adapted to come to bear on the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) toretain it in the insertion shell (1).
 9. Cotyle assembly according toclaim 1, wherein: the peripheral receiving structure (8) includes acontinuous or discontinuous annular groove (16), the placement andorientation insert (11) includes a continuous or discontinuous annularrib (17) elastically engaged in the annular groove (16).
 10. Cotyleassembly according to claim 9, wherein: the annular groove (16) iscontinuous, the annular rib (17) of the placement and orientation insert(11) is a continuous exterior annular rib (17), elastically engaged inthe annular groove (16).
 11. Cotyle assembly according to claim 1,wherein: the peripheral receiving structure (8) includes an internal orexternal thread, the placement and orientation insert (11) includes anexternal or internal thread, cooperating with the thread of theperipheral receiving structure (8) to fix the placement and orientationinsert removably by screwing it to the peripheral receiving structure(8).
 12. Cotyle assembly according to claim 1, wherein the insertionshell (1) includes an external fixing lug (25).
 13. Ex-vivo cotyleassembly comprising: a metal insertion shell (1), having a substantiallyhemispherical convex exterior anchor face (2) conformed to be anchoredin a cotyle cavity in the pelvis of a patient, and having a concavereceiving face (3) with an annular edge (9), a ceramic fixed final jointinsert (4), distinct from, and being manufactured separately from, theinsertion shell (1), having an exterior face (5) ex-vivo engaged in theconcave receiving face (3) of the insertion shell (1), and having aninterior receiving face (6) including a substantially hemisphericalconcave joint surface (7) to enable the engagement and the pivoting of afemoral prosthesis head or of a mobile joint insert, wherein theinsertion shell (1) and the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) eachhave conical surfaces, and wherein said conical surfaces bear upon eachother when the insert (4) is impacted against the insertion shell (1),wherein the insertion shell (1) comprises a peripheral receivingstructure (8) projecting beyond the receiving face (6) of the fixedfinal joint insert (4) inserted in the insertion shell (1) and includingan annular receiving face (10), and wherein a placement an orientationinsert (11), including an assembly structure (12) to which an impacter(15) can be removably fixed, is removably fixed to the annular receivingface (10), in order to enable an impaction of the ex-vivo assembly intothe pelvis of a patient, providing a simultaneous impaction of the metalinsertion shell (1) and of the ceramic fixed final joint insert (4) intothe pelvis of the patient, and wherein the insertion shell (1), theceramic fixed final joint insert (4) and the placement and orientationinsert (11) are assembled and packaged in, a microbial protectionenvelope in a sterile state, with the ceramic fixed final joint insert(4) engaged in the insertion shell (1), and with the placement andorientation insert (11) fixed to the insertion shell (1).
 14. Ex-vivocotyle assembly comprising: a metal insertion shell (1), having asubstantially hemispherical convex exterior anchor face (2) conformed tobe anchored in a cotyle cavity in the pelvis of a patient, and having aconcave receiving face (3) with an annular edge (9), a ceramic fixedfinal joint insert (4), distinct from and being manufactured separatelyfrom the insertion shell (1), having an exterior face (5) ex-vivoengaged in the concave receiving face (3) of the insertion shell (1),and having an interior receiving face (6) including a substantiallyhemispherical concave joint surface (7) to enable the engagement and thepivoting of a femoral prosthesis head or of a mobile joint insert,wherein: the insertion shell (1) and the ceramic fixed final jointinsert (4) each have conical surfaces, said conical surfaces bear uponeach other when the insert (4) is impacted against the insertion shell(1), the insertion shell (1) comprises a peripheral receiving structure(8), a placement and orientation insert (11), including an assemblystructure (12) to which an impacter (15) can be removably fixed, isremovably fixed to the peripheral receiving structure (8) of theinsertion shell (1), in order to enable an impaction of the ex-vivoassembly into the pelvis of a patient, providing a simultaneousimpaction of the metal insertion shell (1) and of the ceramic fixedfinal joint insert (4) into the pelvis of the patient, the placement andorientation insert (11) fixed to the peripheral receiving structure (8)of the insertion shell (1) bears on the ceramic fixed final joint insert(4).